R is a statistical computer program made available through the Internet under
the General Public License (GPL). That is, it is supplied with a license that
allows you to use it freely, distribute it, or even sell it, as long as the
receiver has the same rights and the source code is freely available. It
exists for Microsoft Windows XP or later, for a variety of Unix and Linux
platforms, and for Apple Macintosh OS X. R provides an environment in which
you can perform statistical analysis and produce graphics.
It is actually a
complete programming language, although that is only marginally
described in
this book. Here we content ourselves with learning the elementary concepts and
seeing a number of cookbook examples. R is designed in such a way that it is
always possible to do further computations on the results of a statistical
procedure. Furthermore, the design for graphical presentation of data allows
both no-nonsense methods, for example plot(x,y), and the possibility of
fine-grained control of the output’s appearance. The fact that R is based on a
formal computer language gives it tremendous flexibility. Other systems
present simpler interfaces in terms of menus and forms, but often the apparent
user friendliness turns into a hindrance in the longer run.
Although elementary
statistics is often presented as a collection of fixed procedures, analysis of
moderately complex data requires adhoc statistical model building, which
makes the added flexibility of R highly desirable.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1OMdGdfZ-jOdAwA3hOWE3Gz0rUJqQavFO/view?usp=drivesdk
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